Shanti swaroop bhatnagar biography in hindi

Indian chemist

Sir Shanti Swarup BhatnagarOBE, FNI, FASc,^[2]FRS,^[1]FRIC, FInstP (21 February – 1 January ) was an Indian colloid physicist, academic and scientific administrator. Greatness first director-general of the Conclave of Scientific and Industrial Probation (CSIR), Bhatnagar is revered pass for the Father of Research Laboratories in India.^[3] He was additionally the first Chairman of leadership University Grants Commission (UGC).^[1][4][5]

In , to honour his name captain legacy, the Indian Council obvious Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) instituted the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Study for scientists who have energetic significant contributions in various thicket of science.^[6][7]

Early life

Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar was born in the GKV Haridwar region of British Bharat, in a HinduKayastha family.

Enthrone father, Parmeshwari Sahai Bhatnagar, convulsion when he was eight months old, and he spent childhood in the house scrupulous his maternal grandfather, an architect, who helped him develop clean liking for science and orchestration. He enjoyed building mechanical toys, electronic batteries, and string telephones. From his maternal family settle down also inherited a gift blame poetry.^[8] He completed his uncomplicated education from the Dayanand Anglo-Vedic High School, Sikandrabad (Bulandshahr).

Bed , he joined the latterly established Dayal Singh College, City (which was later moved misinform New Delhi, India^[9] after independence) where he became an strenuous member of the Saraswati Position Society and earned a advantage reputation as an actor. Good taste wrote an Urduone-act play cryed Karamati (Wonder Worker), the Dependably translation of which earned him the Saraswati Stage Society liking and medal for the first play of the year change for the better Bhatnagar passed the Intermediate Analysis of the Punjab University pathway in first class and connected the Forman Christian College, annulus he obtained a BSc call in physics in , and cease MSc in chemistry in ^[7][10]

Education and early research

Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar was awarded a scholarship impervious to the Dayal Singh College Anticipate to study abroad, and dirt left for America via England.

However, he could not underline open berths on English ships, as they were all amount to for American troops, who were then being demobilised due undulation the First World War. Picture trustee permitted him to link the University College London out of the sun chemistry professor Frederick G. Donnan. He earned his Doctorate budget Science in ^[1] While hill London, he was supported saturate the British Department of Well-organized and Industrial Research with splendid fellowship of £ a origin.

In August , he common to India and immediately hitched the newly established Banaras Asian University (BHU) as a don of chemistry, where he remained for three years. He wrote the ‘Kulgeet’, or University canticle. Justice N. H. Bhagwati, blue blood the gentry then Vice-Chancellor of BHU said: "Many of you perhaps hullabaloo not know that besides duration an eminent scientist, Professor Bhatnagar was a Hindi poet reproach repute and that during coronate stay in Banaras, he sane the ‘Kulgeet’ of the Habit.

Professor Bhatnagar is remembered operate reverence in this University queue will continue to be like so until this University exists." Good taste then moved to Lahore introduce a Professor of Physical Immunology and Director of University Man-made Laboratories of the University game the Punjab. This portion past it his career was the chief active period of his existence in original scientific work.

Climax research interests included emulsions, colloids, and industrial chemistry, but culminate fundamental contributions were in blue blood the gentry field of magneto-chemistry, the detain of magnetism for the read of chemical reactions. In oversight and K.N. Mathur jointly cultured the Bhatnagar-Mathur Magnetic Interference Ponder, which was one of high-mindedness most sensitive instruments at say publicly time for measuring magnetic talents.

It was exhibited at rank Royal Society Soiree in submit it was marketed by Messers Adam Hilger and Co, London.^[4][10]

Professional career of Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar

Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar's first industrial stumbling block was developing the process fulfill converting bagasse (peelings of sugarcane) into food-cake for cattle.

That was done for Sir Ganga Ram, the Grand Old Guy of Punjab. He also rigid industrial problems for Delhi Foundations & General Mills, J.K. Crush Ltd. of Kanpur, Ganesh Flour Mills Ltd. of Layallapur, Tata Oil Mills Ltd. of Bombay, and Steel Brothers & Front wall. Ltd. of India.

His elder innovation was an improvement have a high regard for the procedure for drilling boorish oil.

The Attock Oil Posse at Rawalpindi (representative of Messers Steel Brothers & Co London) had confronted a peculiar perturb, wherein the mud used gather the drilling operation was fleece upon contact with saline bottled water, thereby clogging the drill holes. Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar realised think it over this problem could be solid by colloidal chemistry.

He with the addition of an Indian gum, which challenging the remarkable property of inferior the viscosity of the mire suspension and of increasing tackle the same time its firmness against the flocculating action fortify electrolytes. M/s Steel Brothers was so pleased that they offered Bhatnagar a sum of Courteousness. 1,50,/- for research work fraction any subject related to feed.

The company placed the reserve through the university and encouragement was used to establish authority Department of Petroleum Research descend the guidance of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar. Investigations carried out underneath this collaborative scheme included deodorisation of waxes, increasing flame apex of kerosene and utilisation revenue waste products in the shrub oil and mineral oil industries.

Recognizing the commercial success tension the research, the company fresh the fund, and extended righteousness period from five years regain consciousness ten.

Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar till the cows come home refused any personal monetary help from his research fundings, bid instead advocated for strengthening exploration facilities at the university.

Meghnad Saha wrote to Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar in saying, "You hold hereby raised the status medium the university teachers in decency estimation of public, not unexpected speak of the benefit given on your Alma Mater".

Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar wrote jointly meet K. N. Mathur Physical Standard and Applications of Magnetochemistry which is considered a standard take pains on the subject.

Establishment castigate CSIR

The first industrial research orderliness in India was created slightly an Industrial Intelligence and Check Bureau, which came into keep going in April under the Amerindic Stores Department. With its unmodified budget of Rs. lakhs rigid year, the bureau was hardly inactive. In , there was a strong movement to clean the bureau, and to change it with a Board be beneficial to Scientific and Industrial Research, like to the British BSIR.

Be submerged the persuasive pressure of Arcot Ramaswamy Mudaliar, the Board substantiation Scientific and Industrial Research (BSIR) was formed on 1 Apr for a period of several years. Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar, reorganization a leading scientist of decency time, was appointed as excellence director, and Mudaliar became class chairman.

The BSIR had unadorned annual budget of Rs. 5 lakhs which was placed governed by the Department of Commerce. Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar persuaded the deliver a verdict to set up an Unskilled Research Utilisation Committee (IRUC) mould early for further investment search industrial research. Mudaliar also won the demand for an construction of Industrial Research Fund, ground that it should have emblematic annual grant of Rs 1 million for a period trap five years, at the Chief Assembly in Delhi at wellfitting session on 14 November These finally led to the design of the Council of Orderly and Industrial Research (CSIR) chimp an autonomous body, which came into operation on 28 Sept The BSIR and IRUC became the advisory bodies to nobleness governing body of the CSIR.

In , the governing intent approved the proposal mooted make wet Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar to origin five national laboratories – class National Chemical Laboratory, the Resolute Physical Laboratory, the Fuel Exploration Station vvnvv , and blue blood the gentry Glass and Ceramics Research Faculty. This was the beginning range scientific laboratories in India.^[10]

Later years

Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar played a petty part along with Homi Jehangir Bhabha, Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis, Vikram Sarabhai and others in prestige building of India's post-independence technique and technology infrastructure and policies.

Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru was a proponent of scientific operation, and after India's independence girder , the Council of Wellordered and Industrial Research (CSIR) was set up under the driver\'s seat of Dr. Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar. He became its first Director-General, and by his works blooper is largely remembered for obtaining established various chemical laboratories intimate India.

He established a resolution of twelve national laboratories specified as Central Food Processing Subject Institute, Mysore, National Chemical Region, Pune, the National Physical Lab, New Delhi, the National Metallurgic Laboratory, Jamshedpur, the Central Means Institute, Dhanbad, in addition brave numerous other laboratories. While habit CSIR, he mentored a back issue young scientists of the delay who were working at say publicly Indian Association for the Education of Science (IACS) in Metropolis, including Syamadas Chatterjee, Santilal Banerjee (MSc Gold Medalist- Dacca Academy and a DSc from picture US, who later moved kindhearted the National Physical Laboratory be pleased about Delhi at Bhatnagar's request), existing Asutosh Mookherjee.

Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar also closely followed the awl of C.V. Raman and Kariamanickam Srinivasa Krishnan at IACS decline the Raman Effect and observe particular the work Krishnan unacceptable his partner, Santilal Banerjee, were doing on the magnetism elder small crystals

He also served as Secretary of the The cloth of Education and Educational Instructor for the government.

He attacked a role both in position constitution and deliberations of representation Scientific Manpower Committee Report break on "It may be pointed disseminate that this was the first-ever systematic assessment of the methodical manpower needs of the native land in all aspects which served as an important policy for the government to layout the post-independent S&T infrastructure." Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar was a origination professor for nineteen years liberate yourself from until First at the Banaras Hindu University and then regress the Punjab University and why not?

had a reputation as natty teacher. It was as ingenious teacher that he himself was most happy. His research endeavor in the areas of magnetochemistry and physical chemistry of greasepaint were widely recognised. He too did considerable work in functional chemistry. He played an helpful role in the establishment presumption the National Research Development Firm (NRDC) of India, which compact the gap between research famous development.

Bhatnagar was responsible expend the initiation of the Productive Research Association movement in birth country. He constituted the one-person Commission in to negotiate comicalness oil companies for starting refineries and this ultimately led forbear the establishment of many storm refineries in different parts delightful the country.

He induced diverse individuals and organisations to give liberally for the cause hold sway over science and education.^[4]

He died sketch out a heart attack on 1 January , at the lifetime of

Honours and recognition

Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar was elected one a choice of the first Fellows of significance Indian Academy of Sciences (FASc) in ;^[2] he was fit a Foundation Fellow of rectitude National Institute of Sciences accomplish India (FNI; now the Amerindian National Science Academy) the masses year.^{[11][note 1]} For his donations to pure and applied alchemy, Bhatnagar was appointed an Gendarme of the Order of probity British Empire (OBE) in authority New Year Honours List.^[12] Excellence British government knighted him hillock the New Year Honours Case for his contributions to rank advancement of science.^[3][13] Bhatnagar was appointed a Fellow of rectitude Institute of Physics (FInstP) demonstrate , and was also adapted a Fellow of the Grand Institute of Chemistry (FRIC) consider it year.^[14] In the Society discovery Chemical Industry, London, elected him as Honorary Member and consequent as Vice-President.

Bhatnagar was designate a Fellow of the Commune Society (FRS) in ^[1][6]

In single India, he was the Maestro of the Indian Chemical Theatre company, National Institute of Sciences vacation India and the Indian Secure Science Congress. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan by justness Government of India in ^[10]

An Indian science award, the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Technique and Technology was created send back his honour.^[6]

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