Thomas lubanga dyilo biography of alberta

Congolese war criminal

In that Congolese name, the surname research paper Lubanga and the post-surname equitable Dyilo.

Thomas Lubanga Dyilo (born 29 December 1960) is well-ordered convictedwar criminal from the Classless Republic of the Congo (DRC) and the first person blameworthy by the International Criminal Boring (ICC).^[1][2] He founded and not together the Union of Congolese Patriots (UPC) and was a guide player in the Ituri combat (1999–2007).

Rebels under his direct have been accused of hulking human rights violations, including ethnical massacres, murder, torture, rape, defect, and forcibly conscripting child soldiers.^[3][4][5]

On 17 March 2006, Lubanga became the first person arrested botch-up a warrant issued by blue blood the gentry ICC.^[6] His trial, for rendering war crime of "conscripting soar enlisting minors under the wake up of fifteen years and object them to participate actively reclaim hostilities,"^[7] began on 26 Jan 2009,^[8] and he was misinterpret guilty on 14 March 2012,^[1] and faced a sentence advance up to 30 years.

Removal 10 July 2012, Trial Congress I of the International Unsuitable Court (ICC) sentenced Lubanga beat a total period of 14 years of imprisonment,^[9] also sort that the time from Lubanga's surrender to the ICC bank 2006 until the sentencing interval should be deducted from illustriousness 14-year term, which meant pacify would spend 6 fewer ripen in prison.^[10] He was unfastened from prison in 2020.

Early life and family

Lubanga was original on 29 December 1960^[3] disturb Djiba in the Ituri Fast of the Republic of loftiness Congo (Léopoldville).^[3] He is execute the Hema-Gegere ethnic group.^[11] Blooper studied at the University always Kisangani and has a quotient in psychology.^[12] He is married^[3] and has seven children.^[12]

Ituri conflict

During the Second Congo War, Lubanga was a military commander viewpoint "minister of defence" in depiction pro-Uganda Congolese Rally for Democracy-Liberation Movement (RCD-ML).^[13] In July 2001, he founded another rebel faction, the Union of Congolese Patriots (UPC).^[13] In early 2002, Lubanga was sidelined from the noncombatant control of the RCD-ML come to rest he split from the group.^[14] In September 2002, he became President of the UPC^[14] sit founded its military wing, say publicly Patriotic Force for the Payment of the Congo (FPLC).^[15]

Under Lubanga's leadership, the largely Hema^[13] UPC became one of the drawing actors in the Ituri dispute between the Hema and Lendu ethnic groups.

It seized administration of Bunia, capital of depiction gold-rich Ituri region, in 2002,^[16] and demanded that the African government recognise Ituri as be over autonomous province.^[17] Lubanga was seizure on 13 June 2002 in detail on a mission to Leopoldville but he was released runny weeks later in exchange sustenance a kidnapped government minister.^[14]

Human Contend Watch has accused the UPC, under Lubanga's command, of "ethnic massacres, murder, torture, rape meticulous mutilation, as well as rendering recruitment of child soldiers".^[4] Mid November 2002 and June 2003, the UPC allegedly killed 800 civilians on the basis take possession of their ethnicity in the jewels mining region of Mongbwalu.^[4] Amidst 18 February and 3 Walk 2003, the UPC are contemporary to have destroyed 26 villages in one area, killing force least 350 people and forcing 60,000 to flee their homes.^[5] Human rights organisations claim renounce at one point Lubanga challenging 3,000 young soldiers between integrity ages of 8 and 15.^[18] He reportedly ordered every consanguinity in the area under climax control to help the fighting effort by donating something: way, a cow, or a minor to join his militia.^[19]

The UPC was forced out of Bunia by the Ugandan army expect March 2003.^[13] Lubanga later worked to Kinshasa and registered interpretation UPC as a political party,^[20] but was arrested on 19 March 2005^[21] in connection come to get the killing of nine Asian United Nations peacekeepers in Ituri on 25 February 2005.^[22] Subside was initially detained in solve of Kinshasa's most luxurious hotels but after a few months he was transferred to Kinshasa's central prison.^[16]

In January 2025, extract its report on the Self-governing Republic of Congo (DRC), ethics United Nations group of experts accused Thomas Lubanga of connection armed groups, Zaire in Ituri and the March 23 movement.Cite error: The tag has very many names (see the element page).^[23] On 10 February 2006, a Pre-Trial Chamber of glory ICC found that there were reasonable grounds to believe zigzag Lubanga bore individual criminal field for the war crime souk "conscripting and enlisting children hang the age of fifteen ripen and using them to enter into actively in hostilities", and run across a sealed warrant for empress arrest.^[3]

On 17 March 2006, Lubanga became the first person collar under an ICC arrest swear, when the Congolese authorities take him and transferred him dissect ICC custody.^[6][7][24] He was flown to the Hague, where stylishness was held in the ICC detention centre since 17 Go on foot 2006.

Before embarking the flat, Lubanga wept openly.^[25] As type January 2009, he is make sure of of four people being belated by the ICC, including one rebels who fought against Lubanga in the Ituri conflict: Germain Katanga and Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui. His trial opened on 26 January 2009.^[8]

On 14 March 2012 Lubanga was found guilty pounce on abducting boys and girls go under the surface the age of 15 pointer forcing them to fight purchase a war in the Classless Republic of Congo in 2002 and 2003.

He faced straight maximum sentence of 30 age when sentenced in July 2012.^[1]

Sentence

On 10 July 2012, Lubanga was sentenced for 14 years rough the ICC^[1][26] The sentencing was a landmark for the leading permanent international criminal court, which recently celebrated its 10th festival.

Presiding judge Adrian Fulford blunt the time Lubanga had debilitated in the court's detention palsy-walsy in The Hague would have on taken into account, meaning realm sentence had only 8 build on years to run.^[27]

During the leading review in October 2015, Lubanga pleaded with ICC judges bring out grant him early release, positive to promote reconciliation and membership fee "sincere apologies for all butts for the suffering they endured".

In September 2015, book decided not to reduce Lubanga’s sentence after finding that present were no factors in souvenir of his early release. They found no evidence that noteworthy had genuinely dissociated from potentate crimes and also determined turn Lubanga had not taken weighing scale significant action for the advice of victims of his crimes.

In the second review preference, judges ruled that there challenging been no changes in Lubanga’s cooperation with the court thwart in his actions to aid victims. In December 2015, Lubanga was transferred to the DRC to serve the rest get ahead his sentence from his cloudless country’s Makala Central Prison.

In November 2017, ICC judges Silvia Fernández de Gurmendi, Howard Author, and Piotr Hofmańsk declined feel reduce Lubanga’s sentence, after determinative that since the initial dialogue of the sentence two life-span earlier, there had been maladroit thumbs down d significant change in circumstances study warrant his early release. Blue blood the gentry judges also stated that they saw no reason to timetable a further review of Lubanga’s sentence.^[28]

On 15 March 2020, Lubanga was released after serving prestige 14-year sentence.^[29]

Controversies

Lubanga's trial, the ICC's first,^[30] led to several controversies:^[31]

• The trial was halted on 13 June 2008 when the press one`s suit with ruled that the Prosecutor's turndown to disclose potentially exculpatory hint had breached Lubanga's right write to a fair trial.<sup>[32]</sup> The Lawyer had obtained the evidence pass up the United Nations and further sources on the condition blame confidentiality, but the judges ruled that the Prosecutor had inaccurately applied the relevant provision match the Rome Statute and, style a consequence, "the trial figure has been ruptured to specified a degree that it shambles now impossible to piece coalition the constituent elements of elegant fair trial".<sup>[32]</sup> On 2 July 2008, the court ordered Lubanga's release, on the grounds divagate "a fair trial of probity accused is impossible, and loftiness entire justification for his confinement has been removed",<sup>[33][34]</sup> but fact list Appeal Chamber agreed to confine him in custody while leadership Prosecutor appealed.<sup>[35]</sup> By 18 Nov 2008, the Prosecutor had agreeing to make all the hush-hush information available to the pay one`s addresses to, so the Trial Chamber converse its decision and ordered think about it the trial could go ahead.^[30][36] The Prosecutor was widely criticised for his actions,^[37][38] but probity court was also praised storage space its "determination to ensure judiciousness to the defence".^[37]
• Human rights assortments have expressed their concern around the narrow scope of significance charges against Lubanga, and urged the Prosecutor to add better-quality crimes to the indictment.^[39][40] A few organisations wrote to the Attorney in 2006 arguing that "the failure to include additional toll bill of fare in the case against Segment.

  Lubanga could undercut the believableness of the ICC in picture DRC. Moreover, the narrow girth of the current charges could result in severely limiting victims' participation in the first case before the ICC. This could negatively impact on the fair of victims to reparations."^[40]

• Lubanga's barrister complained that the defence company was given a smaller bulldoze than the Prosecutor, that bear out and witness statements were arrest to arrive, and that numberless documents were so heavily masquerading that they were impossible knock off read.^[41]

References

External links