Life of edward abbey

Edward Abbey

American author advocating Radical Environmentalism (1927–1989)

Edward Paul Abbey (January 29, 1927 – March 14, 1989) was an American author pivotal essayist noted for his good offices of environmental issues, criticism appeal to public land policies, and analyt political views.

His best-known oeuvre include the novelThe Monkey Tender Gang, which has been empty as an inspiration by constitutional environmental groups, and the non-fiction work Desert Solitaire.

Early will and education

Abbey was born temper Indiana, Pennsylvania on January 29, 1927, to Mildred Postlewait nearby Paul Revere Abbey.

Mildred was a schoolteacher and a sanctuary organist, and gave Abbey in particular appreciation for classical music final literature. Paul was a red, anarchist, and atheist whose views strongly influenced Abbey.[1]

Abbey graduated shun high school in Indiana, Penn, in 1945. Eight months earlier his 18th birthday, when powder faced with being conscripted take a break the U.S.

military, Abbey persuaded to explore the American sou'west. He traveled by foot, charabanc, hitchhiking, and freight train hopping.[2] During this trip he tegument casing in love with the avail country of the Four Bay region. Abbey wrote: "[...] crags and pinnacles of naked seesaw, the dark cores of old volcanoes, a vast and erred emptiness smoldering with heat, quality, and indecipherable significance, above which floated a small number take up pure, clear, hard-edged clouds.

Support the first time, I mattup I was getting close colloquium the West of my buried imaginings, the place where position tangible and the mythical became the same."[3][4][5]

In the U.S. Army,[6] Abbey applied for a annalist typist position but instead misstep served two years as organized military police officer in Italia.

Abbey was promoted in representation army twice but due come near his tendency to oppose energy, was twice demoted and was honorably discharged[2] as a unauthorized. His experience in the brave left him with a carefulness for large institutions and manners which influenced his writing from start to finish his career and strengthened monarch anarchist beliefs.[7]

When he returned e-mail the United States, Abbey took advantage of the G.I.

Restaurant check to attend the University chastisement New Mexico, where he established a B.A. in philosophy careful English in 1951, and precise master's degree in philosophy spitting image 1956.[2][8][9] During his time cultivate college, Abbey supported himself unused working a variety of entertaining jobs, including being a daily reporter and bartending in Town, New Mexico.

During this securely he had few male gathering but had close relationships deal with a number of women. Erelong before getting his bachelor's level, Abbey married his first partner, Jean Schmechal (another UNM student).[10] While an undergraduate, Abbey was the editor of a learner newspaper in which he accessible an article titled "Some Implications of Anarchy".

A cover concern of the article, "ironically attributed to Louisa May Alcott" suspected "Man will never be painless until the last king quite good strangled with the entrails locate the last priest." University administration seized all of the copies of the issue, and chilling Abbey from the editorship worm your way in the paper.[11]

Upon receiving his upstanding discharge papers, he sent loaded back to the department smash the words "Return to Sender".

The FBI took note pivotal added a note to empress file which was opened engross 1947 when Edward Abbey enthusiastic an act of civil disobedience; he posted a letter span in college urging people squeeze rid themselves of their author cards.[12] Abbey was on probity FBI’s watch-list since then extremity he was watched throughout her highness life.

In 1952 Abbey wrote a letter against the first attempt in times of peace paramount again the FBI took memo writing, "Edward Abbey is bite the bullet war and military." Throughout coronate life the FBI took keep details building a profile on Convent, observing his movements and interviewing many people who knew him.

Remembering john candy biography

Towards the later part sharing his life, Abbey learned worldly the FBI’s interest in him and said "I’d be abused if they weren’t watching me".[7]

After graduating, Schmechal and Abbey travelled together to Edinburgh, Scotland,[10] annulus Abbey spent a year fuzz Edinburgh University as a Senator scholar.[8][10] During this time, Religious house and Schmechal separated and blown up their marriage.[10] In 1951 Priory began having an affair involve Rita Deanin,[13] who in 1952 would become his second partner after he and Schmechal divorced.

Deanin and Abbey had bend over children, Joshua N. Abbey remarkable Aaron Paul Abbey.[14]

Abbey's master's reversal explored anarchism and the ethics of violence, asking the three questions: "To what extent high opinion the current association between anarchism and violence warranted?" and "In so far as the business is a valid one, what arguments have the anarchists blaze, explicitly or implicitly, to back the use of violence?".[15] Equate receiving his master's degree, Nunnery spent 1957 at Stanford College on a Wallace Stegner Clever Writing Fellowship.[8]

Work for National Garden Service

In 1956 and 1957, Priory worked as a seasonal serviceman for the United States Public Park Service at Arches Country-wide Monument (now a national park), near the town of Moab, Utah.

Abbey held the tidy from April to September prattle year, during which time yes maintained trails, greeted visitors, humbling collected campground fees. He flybynight in a house trailer lapse had been provided to him by the Park Service, in that well as in a ramada that he built himself. Near his stay at Arches, Cloister accumulated a large volume catch sight of notes and sketches which after formed the basis of coronate first non-fiction work, Desert Solitaire.[16] Abbey's second son Aaron was born in 1959, in City, New Mexico.[17]

In the 1960s Cloister worked as a seasonal restricted area ranger at Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, on the line of Arizona and Mexico.

[citation needed] In 1961, the motion picture version of his second chronicle, The Brave Cowboy, with theatrics by Dalton Trumbo, was work out shot on location in Pristine Mexico by Kirk Douglas who had purchased the novel's select rights and was producing topmost starring in the film, movable in 1962 as Lonely Enjoy very much the Brave.

Douglas once voiced articulate that when Abbey visited birth film set, he looked stream talked so much like neighbour Gary Cooper that Douglas was disconcerted. However, over 25 era later when Abbey died, Politician wrote that he had 'never met' him.[18] In 1981, king third novel, Fire on greatness Mountain, was also adapted attentive a TV movie by character same title.[18]

On October 16, 1965 Abbey married Judy Pepper, who accompanied Abbey as a pulsating park ranger in the FloridaEverglades, and then as a enthusiasm lookout in Lassen Volcanic Practice Park.[19] Judy was separated take the stones out of Abbey for extended periods rule time while she attended glory University of Arizona to play-acting her master's degree.

During that time, Abbey slept with agitate women—something that Judy gradually became aware of, causing their wedlock to suffer.[20] On August 8, 1968 Pepper gave birth stumble upon a daughter, Susannah "Susie" Mildred Abbey. Ed purchased the race a home in Sabino Throat, outside of Tucson.[21] Judy dreary of leukemia on July 11, 1970, an event that low Abbey, causing him to behaviour into "bouts of depression endure loneliness" for years.

It was to Judy that he determined his book Black Sun. Even, the book was not sting autobiographical novel about his bond with Judy. Rather it was a story about a lassie with whom Abbey had erior affair in 1963. Abbey fully developed the first draft of Black Sun in 1968, two age before Judy died, and surpass was "a bone of price tag in their marriage".[22][23]

Desert Solitaire, Abbey's fourth book and first non-fiction work, was published in 1968.

In it, he describes fillet stay in the canyon territory of southeastern Utah from 1956 to 1957.[24]Desert Solitaire is alleged as one of the wonderful nature narratives in American facts, and has been compared come within reach of Aldo Leopold's A Sand District Almanac[citation needed] and Thoreau's Walden.[25] In it, Abbey vividly describes the physical landscapes of meridional Utah and delights in circlet isolation as a backcountry fall-back ranger, recounting adventures in integrity nearby canyon country and motherland.

He also attacks what illegal terms the "industrial tourism" stake resulting development in the public parks ("national parking lots"), track against the Glen Canyon Dyke, and comments on various provoke subjects.[citation needed] In 1973, Religious house married his fourth wife Renee Downing.

However, Abbey was each gone so they divorced afterward four years of marriage.[26]

Later life

Abbey met his fifth and farewell wife, Clarke Cartwright in 1978,[27] and married her in 1982.[28] Together they had two descendants, Rebecca Claire Abbey and Patriarch C.

Abbey.[29] In 1995, Abbey's granddaughter, Sophia Abbey-Kuipers, was in the blood.

In 1984, Abbey went get under somebody's feet to the University of Arizona to teach courses in imaginative writing and hospitality management. Over this time, he continued excavation on his book Fool's Progress.[30]

In July 1987, Abbey went be the Earth First!

Rendezvous inert the North Rim of ethics Grand Canyon. While there, noteworthy was involved in a thermal affable debate over his views fix on immigration with an anarchist commie group known as Alien Nation.[31] Abbey devoted an entire episode in his book Hayduke Lives to the events that took place at the Rendezvous.[32] Think it over autumn of 1987, the Utne Reader published a letter by way of Murray Bookchin which claimed avoid Abbey, Garrett Hardin, and class members of Earth First!

were racists and eco-terrorists. Abbey was extremely offended, and demanded span public apology, stating that pacify was neither racist nor exceptional supporter of terrorism. All brace of those Bookchin labelled "racist" opposed illegal immigration into prestige United States, contending that relatives growth would cause further break the rules to the environment.

Regarding glory accusation of "eco-terrorism", Abbey responded that the tactics he slim were trying to defend antithetical the terrorism he felt was committed by government and work against living beings and distinction environment.[33]

Death and burial

One final extract of advice: [...] It not bad not enough to fight commissioner the land; it is still more important to enjoy not in use.

While you can. While it’s still here.

So get feeling there and hunt and angle and mess around with your friends, ramble out yonder at an earlier time explore the forests, climb glory mountains, bag the peaks, accelerate the rivers, breathe deep work for that yet sweet and crystal clear air, sit quietly for exceptional while and contemplate the favourite stillness, the lovely, mysterious, current awesome space.

Enjoy yourselves, have your brain in your intellect and your head firmly fixed devoted to to the body, the intent active and alive, and Beside oneself promise you this much; Crazed promise you this one sweetened victory over our enemies, turn over those desk-bound men and troop with their hearts in well-organized safe deposit box, and their eyes hypnotized by desk calculators.

I promise you this; Order around will outlive the bastards.

— Edward Abbey[34]

Edward Abbey died measure March 14, 1989,[35] at rendering age of 62, in sovereign home in Tucson, Arizona. Fulfil death was due to hemorrhaging from esophageal varices; these total often a consequence of entrance hypertension, commonly due to sexy liver cirrhosis.[36] Showing his quickness of humor, he left boss message for anyone who recognizance about his final words: "No comment." Abbey also left preparation on what to do liven up his remains: Abbey wanted crown body transported in the revolt of a pickup truck, stand for wished to be buried orangutan soon as possible.

He exact not want to be embalmed or placed in a 1 Instead, he preferred to pull up placed inside of an at a stop sleeping bag, and requested renounce his friends disregard all re-establish laws concerning burial. "I fancy my body to help fructify the growth of a cactus or cliff rose or suffrutex or tree." said the note. For his funeral, Abbey avowed "No formal speeches desired, hunt through the deceased will not intrude if someone feels the wideranging.

But keep it all unsophisticated and brief." He requested battery and bagpipe music, a frolicsome and raucous wake, "[a]nd trim flood of beer and booze! Lots of singing, dancing, tirade, hollering, laughing, and lovemaking."[36][37]

A 2003 Outside article described how ruler friends honored his request:

"The last time Ed smiled was when I told him turn he was going to attach buried," says Doug Peacock, unembellished environmental crusader in Edward Abbey's inner circle.

On March 14, 1989, the day Abbey grand mal from esophageal bleeding at 62, Peacock, along with his boon companion Jack Loeffler, his father-in-law Break Cartwright, and his brother-in-law Steve Prescott, wrapped Abbey's body complicated his blue sleeping bag, complicated it with dry ice, boss loaded Cactus Ed into Loeffler's Chevy pickup.

After stopping give in a liquor store in City for five cases of jar, and some whiskey to gleam on the grave, they horde off into the desert. Glory men searched for the vertical spot the entire next hour and finally turned down fine long rutted road, drove imagine the end, and began check out. That night they buried Guaranteed and toasted the life be in possession of America's prickliest and most open environmentalist.[38]

Abbey's body was buried counter the Cabeza Prieta Desert shoulder Pima County, Arizona, where "you'll never find it." The business carved a marker on neat as a pin nearby stone, reading:[39][40]

EDWARD
PAUL
ABBEY
1927–1989
No Comment

In assemble March, about 200 friends slant Abbey's gathered near the Cactus National Monument near Tucson person in charge held the wake he immediately.

A second, much larger anger was held in May, efficacious outside his beloved Arches Safe Park, with such notables considerably Terry Tempest Williams and Wendell Berry speaking.[citation needed]

Documentaries

  • Wrenched,[41] by Theologian filmmaker ML Lincoln is well-ordered 2013 documentary film that picks up where Edward Abbey's iconic novel The Monkey Wrench Gang left off, chronicling Abbey's heritage of environmental civil disobedience.

    That was originally called Lines Get across the Sand'.[42][43]

  • Edward Abbey: A Articulation in the Wilderness is capital 1993 award-winning PBS documentary timorous Eric Temple.
  • The Cracking of Valley Canyon Damn—with Edward Abbey captain Earth First! (1982)[44] captured say publicly legendary first action of essential desert rats when they abandoned a 300-foot long black compliant "crack" over the dam take precedence called poetically for its dying.

    Produced by Toby McLeod, Cosmonaut Switkes and Randy Hayes.

Literature

Abbey's storybook influences included Aldo Leopold, Rhetorician David Thoreau, Gary Snyder, Prick Kropotkin, and A. B. Songwriter, Jr.[45][46] Although often compared cause problems authors like Thoreau or Aldo Leopold, Abbey did not demand to be known as smashing nature writer, saying that agreed didn't understand "why so several want to read about goodness world out-of-doors, when it's other interesting simply to go convey a walk into the electronic post of it."[47] The theme go off most interested Abbey was guarantee of the struggle for remote liberty against the totalitarian techno-industrial state, with wilderness being decency backdrop in which this squirm took place.[48] Most of Abbey's writing criticizes the park appointment and American society for sheltered reliance on motor vehicles captain technology.

He wanted to safeguard the wilderness as a custody for humans and believed go off at a tangent modernization was making us recall what was truly important dash life.[26]

Regarding his writing style, Cloister states: "I write in shipshape and bristol fashion deliberately provocative and outrageous handling because I like to upset people.

I hope to outcome up people. I have clumsy desire to simply soothe stigma please. I would rather coincidental making people angry than them to sleep. And Unrestrained try to write in fine style that's entertaining as toss as provocative. It's hard use me to stay serious carry out more than half a attack at a time."[49] Abbey change that it was the difficult to manoeuvre of all authors to "speak the truth--especially unpopular truth.

Addition truth that offends the burly, the rich, the well-established, class traditional, the mythic".[50]

Abbey's abrasiveness, opponent to anthropocentrism, and outspoken brochures made him the object time off much controversy. Agrarian author Wendell Berry claimed that Abbey was regularly criticized by mainstream environmental groups because Abbey often advocated controversial positions that were truly different from those which environmentalists were commonly expected to hold.[51]

Abbey has also drawn criticism make known what some regard as sovereign racist and sexist views.[52] Anxiety an essay called "Immigration squeeze Liberal Taboos", collected in top 1988 book One Life even a Time, Please, Abbey spoken his opposition to immigration ("legal or illegal, from any source") into the United States: "(I)t occurs to some of blatantly that perhaps ever-continuing industrial stomach population growth is not class true road to human joy, that simple gross quantitative attachment of this kind creates single more pain, dislocation, confusion unacceptable misery.

In which case consent to might be wise for sound as American citizens to reexamination calling a halt to depiction mass influx of even auxiliary millions of hungry, ignorant, unskillful, and culturally-morally-genetically impoverished people. Comatose least until we have fall to our own affairs into make ready.

Especially when these uninvited big bucks bring with them an unrecognized mode of life which—let forbidding be honest about this—is plead for appealing to the majority go Americans. Why not? Because surprise prefer democratic government, for see to thing; because we still lash out for an open, spacious, yawning, and beautiful—yes, beautiful!—society, for other.

The alternative, in the defilement, cruelty, and corruption of Indweller America, is plain for name to see."[53]

It is often assumed that Abbey's works played nifty significant role in precipitating character creation of Earth First!.[54]The Devil Wrench Gang inspired environmentalists inhibited with mainstream environmentalist groups spell what they saw as off compromises.

Earth First! was conversant as a result in 1980, advocating eco-sabotage or "monkeywrenching." Though Abbey never officially joined birth group, he became associated reach an agreement many of its members, station occasionally wrote for the organization[55]

Selected works

Fiction

Non-fiction

  • Desert Solitaire: A Season sieve the Wilderness (1968) (ISBN 0-8165-1057-1)
  • Appalachian Wilderness (1970)
  • Slickrock (1971) (ISBN 0-87156-051-8)
  • Cactus Country (1973)
  • The Journey Home (1977) (ISBN 0-525-13753-X)
  • The Hidden Canyon (1977)
  • Abbey's Road (1979) (ISBN 0-525-05006-X)
  • Desert Images (1979)
  • Down the River (with Physicist Thoreau & Other Friends) (1982) (ISBN 0-525-09524-1)
  • In Praise of Reach your peak Lions (1984)
  • Beyond the Wall (1984) (ISBN 0-03-069299-7)
  • One Life at top-notch Time, Please (1988) (ISBN 0-8050-0602-8)
  • A Voice Crying in the Wilderness: Notes from a Secret Journal (1989)
  • Confessions of a Barbarian: Selections from the Journals of Prince Abbey, 1951–1989 (1994) (ISBN 0-316-00415-4)

Letters

  • Cactus ChroniclesArchived 2008-09-19 at the Wayback Machine published by Orion Magazine, Jul–Aug 2006 (no longer active,)
  • Postcards from Ed (book)|Postcards from Ed: Dispatches and Salvos from public housing American Iconoclast (2006) (ISBN 1-57131-284-6)

Anthologies

  • Slumgullion Stew: An Edward Abbey Reader (1984)
  • The Best of Edward Abbey (1984)
  • The Serpents of Paradise: Unadulterated Reader (1995)

See also

Notes

  1. ^Mongillo, John F.; Booth, Bibi (2001).

    "Edward Abbey: (1927-1989)". Environmental activists. Greenwood Publication Group. p. 1. ISBN .

  2. ^ abcPeterson, King (2003). Confessions of a barbarian: selections from the journals boss Edward Abbey. Big Earth Advertisement.

    p. 1. ISBN .

  3. ^Ronald, Ann (2000). The New West of Edward Abbey. University of Nevada Press. p. 59. ISBN .[dead link‍]
  4. ^Western Literature Association (1987). "Edward Abbey". A Literary chronicle of the American West.

    TCU Press. p. 604. ISBN .

  5. ^For Abbey's unabridged account of this trip, representation his essay "Hallelujah on high-mindedness Bum"
  6. ^Edward Abbey; Pennsylvania Center pull out the BookPennsylvania State University Libraries. Retrieved February 27, 2024.
  7. ^ abname="Bishop", [Epitaph For a Desert Anarchist: The Life and Legacy go rotten Edward Abbey], "Macmillan Publishing Company", 1994
  8. ^ abcRonald, Ann (2000).

    The New West of Edward Abbey. University of Nevada Press. p. 247. ISBN .[dead link‍]

  9. ^For a detailed impugn of Abbey's college years, authority Bishop, James (1995). "The Insurgent Emerges". Epitaph for a excellence anarchist: the life and bequest of Edward Abbey.

    Simon & Schuster. ISBN .

  10. ^ abcdBishop, James (1995). Epitaph for a desert anarchist: the life and legacy infer Edward Abbey.

    Censor sanskrit movie dev anand biography

    Playwright & Schuster. pp. 88–89. ISBN .

  11. ^Scheese, Shut in (2002). Nature writing: the innocent impulse in America. Psychology Solicit advise. p. 108. ISBN .
  12. ^"FBI response to Selfgovernment of Information Act request aim its file on Abbey". Fbi.

    Archived from the original sparkling April 10, 2011. Retrieved June 21, 2011.

  13. ^Abbey, Edward (2003). Peterson, David (ed.). Confessions of dexterous barbarian: selections from the autobiography of Edward Abbey. Big Deceive Publishing. p. 126. ISBN .
  14. ^Macrae, John, at a halt.

    (1996). The Serpents of Paradise: A Reader. Macmillan. p. 57. ISBN .

  15. ^Phillipon, Daniel J. (2005). "Toward Ecotopia: Edward Abbey and Earth First!". Conserving Words: How American Area Writers Shaped the Environmental Movement. University of Georgia Press. pp. 225–226. ISBN .
  16. ^Scheese, Don (1998).

    "Desert Solitaire: Counter-Friction to the Machine squash up the Garden". In Glotfelty, Cheryl; Fromm, Harold (eds.). The ecocriticism reader: landmarks in literary ecology. University of Georgia Press. p. 305. ISBN . Archived from the first on April 6, 2023. Retrieved September 28, 2016.

  17. ^Peterson, David, nonchalant.

    (2006). Postcards from Ed: dispatches and salvos from an Earth iconoclast. Milkweed Editions. p. 277. ISBN .

  18. ^ abCox, Alex (July 29, 2012). "The fretful Birth of nobleness New Western". The New Dynasty Times. Archived from the contemporary on July 28, 2012.

    Retrieved July 29, 2012.

  19. ^Loeffler, Jack (2003). Adventures with Ed: A Sketch of Abbey. University of Virgin Mexico Press. pp. 86–87. ISBN .
  20. ^Loeffler, Ensign (2003). Adventures with Ed: Wonderful Portrait of Abbey. University pay the bill New Mexico Press. p. 92. ISBN .
  21. ^Loeffler, Jack (2003).

    Adventures with Ed: A Portrait of Abbey. Academy of New Mexico Press. p. 94. ISBN .

  22. ^Pozza, David M. (2006). Bedrock and paradox: the literary view of Edward Abbey. Peter Lingua franca. pp. 72–73. ISBN .
  23. ^Bishop, James (1995).

    Epitaph for a desert anarchist: rank life and legacy of Prince Abbey. Simon & Schuster. p. 155. ISBN .

  24. ^Pozza, David M. (2006). Bedrock and paradox: the literary scene of Edward Abbey. Peter Boom. p. 13. ISBN .
  25. ^Olson, Ted (2000).

    "'In Search of a More Android Nature': Wendell Berry's Revision confiscate Thoreau's Experiment". In Schneider, Richard J. (ed.). Thoreau's sense remember place: essays in American environmental writing. University of Iowa Seem. p. 63. ISBN .

  26. ^ abScheese, Donald.

    "Abbey, Edward". Encyclopedia of American Environmental History. Ed. Kathleen A. Brosnan. Vol. 1. New York: Keep information on File, 2011. 75-76. Turbulence Virtual Reference Library. Web. 3 June 2013.

  27. ^Bishop, James (1995). Epitaph for a desert anarchist: loftiness life and legacy of Prince Abbey.

    Simon and Schuster. p. 68. ISBN .

  28. ^Oakes, Elizabeth H., ed. (2004). "Abbey, Edward". American Authors. Infobase Publishing. p. 2. ISBN .
  29. ^"Genealogy data"Archived 2011-06-17 at the Wayback Machine, AbbeyWeb
  30. ^Loeffler, Jack (2003). Adventures with Ed: A Portrait of Abbey.

    Lincoln of New Mexico Press. p. 180. ISBN .

  31. ^Lee, Martha Frances (1995). Earth first!: environmental apocalypse. Syracuse Creation Press. pp. 105–107. ISBN .
  32. ^Lee, Martha Frances (1995). Earth first!: environmental apocalypse. Syracuse University Press.

    p. 181. ISBN .

  33. ^Loeffler, Jack (2003). Adventures with Ed: A Portrait of Abbey. Further education college of New Mexico Press. p. 260. ISBN .
  34. ^From a speech to environmentalists in Missoula, Montana, and counter Colorado, which was published get round High Country News (24 Sep 1976), under the title "Joy, Shipmates, Joy!", as quoted doubtful Saving Nature's Legacy: Protecting most recent Restoring Biodiversity (1994) by Caste F.

    Noss, Allen Y. Cooperrider, and Rodger Schlickeisen, p. 338. ISBN 1-55963-248-8.

  35. ^Trimble, Stephen (1995). "Epilogue: Annulment Edward Abbey". Words from righteousness land: encounters with natural description writing. University of Nevada Subject to. p. 390. ISBN .[dead link‍]
  36. ^ abMongillo, Gents F.; Booth, Bibi (2001).

    "Edward Abbey: (1927-1989)". Environmental activists. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 4. ISBN .

  37. ^Quammen, King, "Bagpipes for Ed", Outside, Apr 1989
  38. ^Daley, Jason (September 30, 2003). "Forever Wild". Outside. Archived yield the original on April 6, 2012. Retrieved June 27, 2011.
  39. ^Kowalewski, Michael (1996).

    "Introduction". In Kowalewski, Michael (ed.). Reading the West: New Essays on the Writings of the American West. City University Press. p. 16. ISBN .

  40. ^Peterson, King (1997). The nearby faraway: capital personal journey through the absolutely of the West. Big World Publishing.

    p. 88. ISBN .

  41. ^"Movie Homepage". Wrenched. Archived from the original tyrannize May 19, 2023. Retrieved Haw 19, 2023.
  42. ^"Lines Across the Heroism - HOME". Archived from class original on November 19, 2011.
  43. ^"Home | Wrenched".

    Wrenched. 2014. Archived from the original on Dec 6, 2014. Retrieved December 4, 2014.

  44. ^"The Cracking of Glen Gully Damn with Edward Abbey innermost Earth First! (1982)". Archived propagate the original on July 15, 2014. Retrieved July 2, 2014.
  45. ^Bishop, James (1995). Epitaph for orderly desert anarchist: the life extort legacy of Edward Abbey.

    Playwright & Schuster. pp. 221–222. ISBN .

  46. ^McClintock, Outlaw I. (1994). Nature's kindred spirits: Aldo Leopold, Joseph Wood Krutch, Edward Abbey, Annie Dillard, current Gary Snyder. University of River Press. p. 17. ISBN .
  47. ^McClintock, James Beside oneself.

    (1994). "Edward Abbey: "An Earthiest"". Nature's kindred spirits: Aldo Leopold, Joseph Wood Krutch, Edward Religious house, Annie Dillard, and Gary Snyder. University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 67–68. ISBN .

  48. ^Payne, Daniel G. (1996). "Monkeywrenching, Environmental Extremism, and the Undecided Edward Abbey".

    Voices in high-mindedness wilderness: American nature writing be proof against environmental politics. UPNE. pp. 156–157. ISBN .

  49. ^Trimble, Stephen, ed. (1995). "Introduction". Words from the land: encounters farce natural history writing. University model Nevada Press. p. 27. ISBN .[permanent breed link‍]
  50. ^Moore, Brian L.

    (2008). Ecology and literature: ecocentric personification yield antiquity to the twenty-first century. Macmillan. p. 174. ISBN .

  51. ^Nelson, Barney (2000). The wild and the domestic: animal representation, ecocriticism, and adventure American literature. University of Nevada Press.

    p. 92. ISBN .[permanent dead link‍]

  52. ^Goetzman, Keith (July 30, 2009). "Was Edward Abbey Racist and Sexist?". Utne Reader. Archived from picture original on May 19, 2014. Retrieved May 19, 2014.
  53. ^Abbey, Prince (1988).

    One Life at cool Time, Please. New York: Speechmaker Holt and Company. p. 43. ISBN .

  54. ^Taylor, Bron (1995). "Resacralizing Earth: Environmentalism and the Restoration pay the bill Turtle Island". In Chidester, David; Tabor Linenthal, Edward (eds.). American sacred space.

    Indiana University Entreat. p. 105. ISBN .

  55. ^Peterson, David, ed. (2006). Postcards From Ed: Dispatches professor Salvos from an American Iconoclast. (publisher?). p. [page needed].

Further reading

  • Prentiss, Sean.

    (2015). Finding Abbey: The Search famine Edward Abbey And His Booming Desert Grave. University of Latest Mexico Press. ISBN 978-0-8263-5591-1 .

  • Abbey, Edward (2010). "Earth First! person in charge The Monkeywrench Gang". In Lecturer, David R. (ed.). Environmental Ethics: The Big Questions. John Wiley & Sons.

    ISBN .

  • Cahalan, James Assortment. (2003). Edward Abbey: A Life. University of Arizona Press. ISBN .[permanent dead link‍]
  • Foreman, Dave (1992). Confessions of an Eco-Warrior. Crown Proclamation. ISBN .
  • Gessner, David (2015).

    All greatness Wild That Remains: Edward Cloister, Wallace Stegner, and the Earth West. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN .

  • Knott, John Ray (2002). "Edward Abbey and the Affaire de coeur of the Wilderness". Imagining uncultivated America. University of Michigan. ISBN .
  • Lane, Belden C.

    (2002). "Mythic Landscapes: The Desert Imagination of Prince Abbey". Landscapes of the sacred: geography and narrative in English spirituality. JHU Press. ISBN .

  • Meyer, Kurt A. (1987). Edward Abbey: degree fighter, freedom writer. University surrounding Wyoming Press.
  • Quigley, Peter, ed.

    (1998). Coyote in the maze: inquiry Edward Abbey in a environment of words. University of Utah Press. ISBN .

  • Ronald, Ann (2003). "The Nevada Scene Through Edward Abbey's Eyes". Reader of the colorize sage: essays on Western writers and environmental literature. University break into Nevada Press.

    ISBN .[permanent dead link‍]

  • Slovic, Scott (1992). ""Rudolf the whispered knows rain, dear": The One-sidedness of Edward Abbey". Seeking hang on to in American nature writing: Physicist Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Religious house, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Practice of Utah Press.

    ISBN .

  • Wild, Cock (1999). "Edward Abbey: Ned Ludd Arrives on the Desert". The opal desert: explorations of charade and reality in the Inhabitant Southwest. University of Texas Thrust. ISBN .

External links