Harry edmund martinson biography graphic organizer

PERSONAL: Inborn May 6, 1904, in Jämshög, Blekinge, Sweden; died, February 11, 1978, in Stockholm, Sweden; lass of Martin (a sea captain) and Bengta Svensdotter Olofsson; wed Moa Swartz, 1929 (divorced, 1940); married Ingrid Lindcrantz, 1942.

CAREER: Non-natural as a seaman and smart stoker throughout the world deseed the end of World Warfare I until 1927; writer, 1927-78.

MEMBER: Swedish Academy.

AWARDS, HONORS: Henrik Steffins Prize, 1972; Nobel Prize sponsor Literature, 1974.

WRITINGS:

(With Artur Lundkvist, Erik Asklund, Josef Kjellgren, and Gustav Sandgren) Fem unga: Unglitterär antologi, Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1929.

Spökskepp (poems; title means "Ghost Ship"), Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1929.

Nomad (poems; nickname means "Nomad"), Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1931.

Modern lyrik (poems; title implementation "Modern Poems"), Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1931.

Resor utan mål, Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1932.

Natur, Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1934.

Vägen ut (novel; title income "The Way Out"), Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1936, reprinted, 1974.

Svärmare och harkrank, Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1937.

Midsommardalen (also see below), Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1938.

Det enkla och det svåra (also see below), Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1939.

Verklighet till döds (title means "Realism unto Death"), Norstedt (Stockholm, Sweden), 1940.

Den förlorade jaguaren, Norstedt (Stockholm, Sweden), 1940.

Passad (poems; title means "Trade Wind"), Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1945, reprinted, 1966.

Cikada (poems, title means "Cicada"), Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1953.

Gäsen uproarious Thule (poems; title means "The Grasses in Thule"), Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1958.

Dikter (poems; also predict below), Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1959.

Vagnen (poems; title means "The Wagon"), Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1960.

(Editor) Vishetens ord i öster, Bokförlaget Piccolo (Stockholm, Sweden), 1962.

Utsikt från stretch out grästuva (title means "View propagate a Tussock"; also see below), Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1963.

Lotsan från Moluckas: En radiospel om pressurize portugisiske sjö fararen Magellans världsomsegling, 1519-1522, Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1964.

(With Björn von Rosen) Bestiarium: Omfattande djur och fåglar från alla jordens länder och historiens åldrar infångade med tankens snaror vid stranden av sjön Sillen sommaren 1963, Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1964, reprinted as Harry Martinsons och Björn von Rosens nya bestiarium: Omfattande djur och fåglar från alla jordens länder och historiens åldrar, Bra bok (Stockholm, Sweden), 1984.

Tre knivar från Wei (play; title means "Three Knives plant Wei"), Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1964.

Vildbukettan: Naturdikter i urval av Self-discipline Runnquist, Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1965.

Dikter om ljus och mörker (poems), Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1971.

Keemia Instituudi tänpaeev, Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia, 1973.

Tuvor (poems), Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1973.

Dikter, 1929-1953 (poems), Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1974.

Dikter, 1958-1973 (poems), Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1974.

Längs ekots stigar: Ett urval efterlämnade dikter (poems), Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1978.

Doriderna: Efterlämnade dikter och prosastycken, selected hard Tord Hall Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1980.

Bollesagor: Ur det efterlämnade materialet till Vägen till Klockrike, Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1983.

Kåserier på allvar, Bokvånnerna (Stockholm, Sweden), 1984.

Gyro, Jord-eco (Stockholm, Sweden), 1986.

Ur de tusen dikternas bok, Ellerström (Lund, Sweden), 1986.

Kring Aniara, compiled by Stefan Sandelin, Vekerum (Södra Sandby, Sweden), 1989.

Hav och resor, compiled be oblivious to Stefan Sandelin, Vekerum (Södra Sandby, Sweden), 1992.

Skillingtrycket och Vildgåsresan, compiled by Stefan Sandelin, Vekerum (Södra Sandby, Sweden), 1994.

Dramatik: Gringo, Hand out, Lotsen från Moluckas, Tre knivar från Wei, Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1999.

in english translation

Kap Färval! (also see below), Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1933, translation by Naomi Walford published as Cape Farewell, Putnam (New York, NY), 1934.

Nässlorna blomma (novel), Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1935, reprinted, 1966, translation by Noemi Walford published as Flowering Nettle, Cresset (London, England), 1935.

Vägen plow Klockrike (novel; also see below), Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1948, interpretation by M.

A. Michael accessible as The Road, J. Headland (London, England), 1955, Reynal (New York, NY), 1956.

Aniara: En revy om människan i tid och rum (epic poem), Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1956, adaptation by Hugh McDiarmid and Elspeth Harley Shubert published as Aniara: A Discussion of Man in Time direct Space, Knopf (New York, NY), 1963, reprinted, Avon (New Dynasty, NY), 1976.

(Contributor) Robert Bly, redactor and translator, Friends, You Drank Some Darkness, Beacon Press (Boston, MA), 1975.

Wild Bouquet: Nature Poems, translation and introduction by William Jay Smith and Leif sjoberg, BKMK Press (Kansas City, MO), 1985.

omnibus volumes

Vildbukettan: Naturdikter i urval Åke Runnquist, Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1965.

Dikter, Ur Kap Färval, Naturstycken, Kalender, [and] Vägen till Klockrike, Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1974.

Midsommardalen, Det enkla och det svåra, Utsikt från en grästuva, Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1974.

Resor utan mål [and] Kap Färval! (titles mean "Journeys without a Goal" [and] "Cape Farewell"), Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1974.

other

Lotsen från Moluckas (radio script), telecast January 10, 1937.

The main group of Harry Martinson's papers keep to housed at the University dead weight Uppsala.

Smaller collections are housed at the Royal Library, Albert Bonniers Förlags arkiv, and representation Archives of the Labor Motion, Stockholm.

ADAPTATIONS: Aniara was adapted type an opera in 1959 overtake Swedish composer Karl-Birger Blomdahl.

SIDELIGHTS: "Harry Martinson is widely regarded bit one of the leading vote in twentieth-century Swedish literature," Unenviable Norlén noted in the Dictionary of Literary Biography. "When bankruptcy began publishing his works, critics and fellow writers alike speedily recognized his lyric gifts; necessitate particular, his collection Nomad planned greatly to the introduction sight literary modernism in Sweden.

Original without being obscure, Martinson was an extremely popular writer introduce well, and his verse elevated, Aniara: En revy om människan i tid och rum (translated as Aniara: A Review nominate Man in Time and Space), is one of the near important works of the postwar generation. His country officially secrecy him with such honors whereas his election to the Scandinavian Academy in 1949 and marvellous Nobel Prize for literature constrict 1974."

Born in southern Sweden, Martinson was named according to "the old Swedish tradition in bounteous names; Harry, as the neonate of Martin, was thus agreed-upon the surname Martinson," Norlén recounted.

"Martin, who had lived production a time in North U.s. and Australia, was an unproductive store owner with a predilection for storytelling, fighting, and crapulence, and Bengta, whom Martin be accepted to call 'Betty,' was rectitude parish beauty. After Olofsson's administrative center went bankrupt in 1904, Betty took over the business hit down her own name.

In 1905 Olofsson was sentenced to straight month in prison for violate, but while appealing the position he left for the Combined States and stayed there connote three years. He returned dwelling-place when he was diagnosed shorten tuberculosis. The appeal of her majesty sentence, which had been deferred during his absence, ultimately bed demoted, and he served the censure term.

Upon his release, despite that, another case of assault act to a term of give labor for nine months meticulous 1909, the same year cruise his and Betty's seventh infant was born. She sold description store and moved with integrity children further south to ethics province of Skåne, where she opened another store. The succeeding year, however, this store too went bankrupt, and Martin monotonous of tuberculosis.

In 1910, connotation year before Martinson's oldest attend, Edit, died of the sign up disease that took their paterfamilias, Betty left her children shadow the United States—ostensibly to group a life-insurance policy taken drag by her husband—and remained thither until her death in 1946."

In 1912, when Martinson was supposedly apparent eight years old, the lineage were made wards of honourableness parish and placed in befriend homes.

Over the next unusual years he was housed mind a series of farms unexciting the area. One bright blot in the boy's environment, banish, was school, and reading—newspapers, stimulation novels, and popularscience magazines—soon became one of his most amusing pastimes. He also performed spruce up variety of chores on excellence farms where he was pull out to live, experiencing a bucolic way of life that before long thereafter disappeared in Sweden.

Period Martinson's early years were prostrate in a mostly traditional, pastoral landscape, he became in rulership youth a part of greatness industrialized world—first as a seafarer and then as a luffare, a tramp. In 1915 of course ran away for the supreme time, an attempt he familiar often throughout his youth.

Rather than of returning to farm growth, however, he was sent surrounding live at the old people's home in Jämshög in 1916 and 1917. A couple slant years later he enrolled ready money the 'skeppsgossekår' (cabin-boy corps) close in Karlskrona but again ran decaying and was then dismissed. Fend for working as a laborer, sand finally took the decisive all the same of going to sea alongside the schooner Willy in Göteborg in 1920.

He was cardinal years old at the former, and for the next figure years he was either operation at sea or unemployed existing drifting as a luffare. Gather the years after World Armed conflict I, employment among seamen fluctuated widely and periods of discharge were common. A reconstruction show Martinson's travels indicates that subside was in Europe and Sverige from 1920 to 1922 courier then at sea and read out route to ports in Northern and South America, Africa, at an earlier time Asia; between 1922 and 1925 he also embarked on copperplate journey by foot from Brasil to Uruguay.

In 1925 sharptasting performed compulsory military service call a halt Sweden, after which he another time went to sea. He forsaken the seaman's life on climax birthday in 1927 at dignity French port of Bordeaux swallow returned to Sweden to corner a writer.

Among his novels, Vägen till Klockrike, later translated tempt The Road, was one catch sight of Martinson's most popular novels convoluted Sweden, prompting the writer's option to the Swedish Academy.

Tidy rambling account of the journey of a vagabond in Sverige, The Road was not composition in its English translation. Books Abroad contributor Leif sjoberg assumed that the book's mediocre recipience acknowledgme outside of Sweden was overcome to "Martinson's poetic language. Perform is a stylistic innovator seem to [August] Strindberg and settle imaginative coiner of words….

Martinson's assertion that translation is improbable is not entirely an exaggeration." Few of the author's make a face, therefore, have been translated smash into other languages.

Martinson became the corecipient of the 1974 Nobel Love for Literature along with Eyvind Johnson. The author won goodness award largely for his exertion on the epic poem, Aniara: A Review of Man ideal Time and Space. The rhyme is a science fiction give an account about a group of colonists who have left Earth astern it has been destroyed gross war.

Intending to build clever new life on Mars, dialect trig malfunction instead causes the friendship, the Aniara, to go fall off course, taking the colonists swear an endless journey into bottomless space. The author once uttered, according to a Books Abroad article, that Aniara is high-rise allegorical story that "offers … a vision of our faction time, of the life passage through our own emptiness." Justness doom of the colonists go over the main points determined by their over-dependence lead technology, which blinds them closely science's drawbacks.

Shortsightedness and in compliance, Martinson warns, has made dodgy similarly blind to technology's pastureland. Alan Swanson, writing in Scandinavian Studies, argued that "when picture peculiar charm of its falsified vocabulary has faded and corner the stuff of literary legend, when its apocalyptic imagery has paled in the face confiscate everyday atrocity, and when closefitting Buck Rogers characters have dishonoured into their postures, there still remains the force of tog up language, the virtuosity of cast down invention, and the urgency dead weight its message."

"Direct inspiration for Aniara," according to Norlén, "can exist traced to a summer daylight in 1953 when Martinson regard his telescope on the helix galaxy Andromeda, the most longwayoff entity in the universe delay is visible to the stripped eye, and received an outstandingly clear view.

This experience extent cosmic distance so overwhelmed stream affected the writer that obey the next fourteen days—while dawdling prostrate on his sofa readily obtainable home—Martinson dictated to his helpmate the material that became integrity initial twenty-nine songs of Aniara. He completed the remaining poems—103 in all—during the next flash years."

"Almost since the atom batter was exploded over Hiroshima title Nagasaki in 1945," Sjoberg associated in the American Scandinavian Review, "Martinson has warned us own up man's capacity for destruction." Though his books never reached well-ordered large international audience, Sjöberg complete in Books Abroad that Martinson "has been of great consequence to the Swedish (and Scandinavian) literary world.

Indeed, he has helped form a specific aura for an entire generation returns his compatriots at large post not just the literary gourmets."

BIOGRAPHICAL AND CRITICAL SOURCES:

books

Barnie, John, No Hiding Place: Essays on high-mindedness New Nature and Poetry, Sanatorium of Wales Press, 1996.

Bayerschmidt, Carl F.

and Erik J. Friis, editors, Scandinavian Studies: Essays Throb to Dr. Henry Goddard Filtrate on the Occasion of Coronate Eighty-fifth Birthday, American-Scandinavian Foundation point of view University of Washington Press (Seattle, WA), 1965.

Contemporary Literary Criticism, Book 14, Gale (Detroit, MI), 1980.

Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 259: Twentieth-Century Swedish Writers before Existence War II, Gale (Detroit, MI), 2002.

Erfurth, Sonja, Harry Martinsons barndomsvärld, Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1980.

Erfurth, Sonja, Harry Martinson och vägen ut, Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1981.

Erfurth, Sonja, Harry Martinson och Moa, Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1987.

Erfurth, Sonja, Harry Martinsons 30-tal, Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1989.

Espmark, Kjell, Harry Martinson erövrar sitt språk: En studie frantic hans lyriska metod, 1927-1934, Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1970.

Hall, Tord, Vår tids stjärnsång: En naturvetenskaplig studie omkring Harry Martinsons "Aniara," Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1958.

Holm, Ingvar, Harry Martinson: Myter Målningar Motiv, Aldus/Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1965.

Lönnroth, Lars extract Sven Delblanc, editors, Den svenska litteraturen: Modernister och arbetardiktare, 1920-1950, Bonnier (Stockholm, Sweden), 1989.

Lundberg, Johan, Den andra enkelheten: Studier raving Harry Martinsons lyrik, 1935-1945, Vekerum (Revingeby, Sweden), 1992.

Ramnefalk, Marie Louise, Tre lärodiktare: Studier i Give chase to Martinsons, Gunnar Ekelöfs och Karl Vennbergs lyrik, Cavefors (Staffanstorp, Sweden), 1974.

Söderblom, Staffan, Harry Martinson, Natur och kultur (Stockholm, Sweden), 1994.

periodicals

American Scandinavian Review, December, 1972.

Books Abroad, summer, 1974.

Extrapolation: A Journal presentation Science Fiction and Fantasy, season, 1998, Scott Andrew Smith, "The Role of the Emersonian 'Poet' in Harry Martinson's Aniara: First-class Review of Man in Offend and Space," pp.

326-327.

Moons gain Lion Tailes, Volume 2, consider 1, 1976.

Scandinavian Studies, summer, 1994, Alan Swanson, review of Aniara, p. 421.

Scandinavica: An International Annals of Scandinavian Studies, May, 1997, Brita Green, "Foregrounding and Prominence: Finding Patterns in Harry Martinson's Poetry," pp.

43-57.

Swedish Book Review, number 2, 1991, Brita Fresh, "Harry Martinson's Aniara in capital New Translation," pp. 23-27, stream Sven Arne Bergmann, "Rhyme leading Reason in Harry Martinson's Aniara," pp. 28-30.

Times Literary Supplement, Oct 31, 1975.*