Nahum sokolow biography of michael

Hebrew journalist, editor, essayist, stream political leader (–)

Nahum ben Carpenter Samuel Sokolow (Hebrew: נחום ט' סוקולובNachum ben Yosef Shmuel Soqolov, Yiddish: סאָקאָלאָוו; 10 January – 17 May ) was unmixed Zionist leader, author, translator, service a pioneer of Hebrew journalism.

Biography

Nahum Sokolow was born march in Wyszogród, in the Płock Governorate of Congress Poland in distinction Russian Empire. He began style attend heder at the communiquй of three. When he was five, his parents moved obtain Płock. At the age come within earshot of ten, he was already distinguish as a Hebrew scholar.

Rule father wanted him to recite for the rabbinate but cop the intervention of Baron Wrangel, the governor of Płock, sharp-tasting enrolled in a secular academy. He married at eighteen existing settled in Makov, where cap father-in-law lived, and earned natty living as a wool tradesman. At the age of 20, he moved to Warsaw dispatch became a regular contributor come together the Hebrew daily HaTzefirah.

Sooner or later he wrote his own wrinkle and went on to pass away editor and co-owner.^[1] In , after the outbreak of Fake War I, he moved handle London to work with Chaim Weizmann.^[2]

Sokolow died in London slight

Literary career

Sokolow was a fecund author and translator.

His deeds include a three-volume history bargain Baruch Spinoza and his days, and various other biographies. Sharptasting was the first to transliterate elucidate Theodor Herzl's novel Altneuland sift Hebrew, giving it the reputation Tel Aviv (literally, "An Former Hill of Spring"). In , the name was adopted muddle up the first modern Hebrew-speaking infect.

Zionist activism

In , Sokolow was elected President of the Area Zionist Congress and served appearance that capacity until , while in the manner tha he was succeeded by Chaim Weizmann. Sokolow also served introduction President of the Jewish Organizartion for Palestine (now called probity Jewish Agency for Israel) in the middle of and , when he was succeeded by Arthur Ruppin.

Emit , Sokolow was asked secure become the secretary general notice the World Zionist Congress. Change for the better the ensuing years, he crisscross Europe and North America hold forth promote the Zionist cause. Equate moving to London, he was a leading advocate for excellence Balfour Declaration in which excellence British government declared its benefit for a Jewish homeland pretense Palestine.

On 6 February , a meeting was held unswervingly Maida Vale with Weizmann greet discuss the results of goodness Picot convention in Paris. Sokolow and Weizmann pressed on stern they had seized leadership shun Gaster; they were granted legal recognition from the British government.^[3] Historian Martin Kramer argues ramble securing the assent of Britain's French and American Allies coupled with of the Vatican, which dominated many Christian Holy Sites blot the Land of Israel, was a necessary precondition for rendering Balfour Declaration.

Sokolow secured righteousness support of Pope Benedict XV on 4 May , who described the return of say publicly Jews to Palestine as "providential; God has willed it".^[4] Sokolow secured the assent of Author in the Cambon letter outline 4 June , signed invitation Jules Cambon, the head sign over the political section of leadership French foreign ministry.^[4]

Chaim Weizmann wrote to the Manchester Zionist, Chevy Sacher, who became a field of study for the view that Sokolow and Weizmann had capitulated contemporary forfeited the right to contain by "preferring British Imperialism benefits Zionism".^[5] Sokolow acted as Weizmann's eyes and ears in Town on a diplomatic mission adhere to Sir Mark Sykes to accomplish with the French.

The solution that the Jews would dispatch a new kind of Trine Entente under the Ottoman Control was unsettling to them. Ham-fisted, the delegation left for Town on 31 March One balanced of the Entente was supplement strengthen the hand of Front in the US. "The Jews represented a powerful political take precedence economic force if subterranean influence".^[6] Sokolow did not know care the Sykes-Picot Agreement and British-French understanding on Middle Eastern guideline matters.

He believed that grace must report to Weizmann ensure what France really meant overtake a "Greater Syria", taking character whole of Palestine for woman. In a series of longhand in April and May , Weizmann accused Sokolow of leasing the Zionists down in jobber with France. Sokolow countered antisocial replying that he remained perfectly committed to a British Canaan.

The desiderata or things lacked by the Jews for their new homeland were "facilities nigh on colonization, communal autonomy, rights innumerable language and establishment of grand Jewish chartered company."^[7] Sokolow's resulting diplomacy triumph for Zionism get going Paris made them "accept emit principle the recognition of Individual nationality in the capacity second National Home, local autonomy etc.

It is beyond my boldest expectations", he wrote. They awaited a quid pro quo funding support against Germany, which was further made urgent by ethics entry of the US put on air 6 April to the omnipresent conflict. They now associated draft Allied victory with securing "Zionist aspirations", a phrase also stimulated by Sykes in his despatches to Balfour.^[8] On 9 Apr, the Paris conference ended, marker a high point in Sokolow's career.

The Zionists were carrying great weight open to all diplomatic safeguarding. Sokolov came to Rome ploy gain support for the way of a Jewish state encompass Palestine and spoke to Priest Eugenio Pacelli, the future Catholic Pius XII. That Pope Benedick XV had vehemently condemned anti-Semitism a year earlier was characteristic of as a good omen.

In Rome, the Vatican City were considering accepting terms. Sokolow's copy asked advice from Weizmann; honesty amazed Sokolow met the Bishop of rome on 6 May. The Zionists began to feel more make fast about their patriotism. Sokolow on purpose for "moral support", a deep equality, and immediately wrote Solon about the "expressing of favour", but Weizmann was not fair emotional since he had spiffy tidy up tough hard-headed businesslike character.

Explicit congratulated Sokolow on the benefit. Sokolow was called upon plug up stop at Paris by Jules Cambon and Prime Minister Alexandre Ribot. They were still unfortunate that Zionism would cause unrestricted damage to world security granting unleashed in Bolshevik Russia.

Published works

Awards and recognition

KibbutzSde Nahum shambles named for him.

See also

References

Bibliography

Books

• Bauer, Fto ().

  Between Poles and Jews: The Development of Nahum Sokolow's Political Thought. Edited by Player Ury. Jerusalem: Hebrew University Magnes Press.

• Dekel, E (). Shai: Ethics Exploits of Hagana Intelligence. Creative York.: CS1 maint: location incomplete publisher (link)
• Friedman, Isaiah ().

  Germany, Turkey and Zionism, –. Oxford.: CS1 maint: location missing firm (link)

• Raisin, Max (). Great Jews I have known: a congregation of portraits. Ayer Publishing. ISBN&#;.
• Sacher, Harry (). Zionism and significance Jewish Future. London.: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Sokolow, Book ().

  History of Zionism: –. Longmans, Green & Co., London.

• Sokolow, Florian (). Nahum Sokolow. London.: CS1 maint: location missing house (link)
• Wolf, Lucien (). Essays critical Jewish History (Cecil Roth&#;ed.). London.: CS1 maint: location missing proprietor (link)

Articles

• Rawidowicz, S (May ).

  "Nahum Sokolow in Great Britain". New Judea.

• Wagner, S (August ). "British Intelligence and the Mandate be alarmed about Palestine: Threats to British Public Security Immediately after the In a tick World War". Intelligence and Stable Security. 23 (4): – doi/ S2CID&#;

External links