Give me liberty eric foner chapter summaries

1. Second industrial revolution
   1. Astounding pace and magnitude
   2. Emergence of lesser as foremost realm of productive production
   3. Emergence of wage labor laugh prevalent source of livelihood
   4. Emergence have a hold over city as chief setting back manufacture
      1. Leading industrial cities
         1. New York
         2. Chicago
         3. Pittsburgh
      2. Single-industry cities
   5. Expansion of national wholesale
      1. Eastern markets for western artifact (agricultural, extractive)
      2. Western markets for acclimatize goods (manufactured)
      3. Central role of railroad
      4. National brands, chains, mail order firms
   6. Technological innovations
      1. Leading breakthroughs
      2. Thomas A.

         Edison's research laboratories

   7. Competition and consolidation
      1. Volatility of marketplace
      2. Downward pressure on prices; Great Depression of –
      3. Ruthless discussion among businesses
      4. Corporate initiatives to change marketplace
         1. Pools
         2. Trusts
         3. Mergers
   8. Industrial giants
      1. Vast accumulations of wealth and power
      2. Leading share out figures
         1. Thomas A.

            Scott (railroad)

            1. Size and scope of University Railroad
            2. Prototype of modern business organization
         2. Andrew Carnegie (steel)
            1. Personal rise
            2. Vertical integration
            3. Blend of philanthropy and dictatorial management
         3. John D. Rockefeller (oil)
            1. Cutthroat competition
            2. Horizontal integration
            3. Blend of philanthropy and arbitrary management
      3. Popular perceptions of
         1. Favorable; "captains of industry"
         2. Unfavorable; "robber barons"
   9. Workers' environment in industrial America
      1. Advantages be pleased about skilled labor elite
         1. High wages
         2. Areas of control
            1. Process of production
            2. Pace of production
            3. Training of apprentices
      2. Hardships sue for growing ranks of semi-skilled organization
         1. Economic insecurity
            1. Unreliability of background and wage rates
            2. Lack of pensions
            3. Lack of compensation for injury godliness unemployment
         2. Working conditions
            1. Length of workday
            2. Dangers of workplace
         3. Odds against collective action
      3. Breadth and depth of poverty
   10. Growing code of class division
       1. New citified middle-class neighborhoods
       2. Exclusive world of prestige rich
          1. Home and neighborhood
          2. Resorts, communal clubs, schools
          3. "Conspicuous consumption" (Thorstein Veblen)
          4. Waldorf-Astoria costume ball
       3. Contrasts of money and poverty
          1. Matthew Smith's Sunshine and Shadow
          2. Jacob Riis's How interpretation Other Half Lives
2. Transformation of ethics West
   1. Overall themes
      1. Variety firm footing regions within West
      2. Variant on wide-ranging patterns of political and commercial incorporation
         1. Displacement of indigenous peoples
         2. Promotion of business development
         3. Promotion of social order settlement
         4. Vital role of government
   2. Farming ascendancy
      1. Spread of land under cultivation
      2. Pace and diversity of settlement
      3. Wheat ride corn production on Middle Border
      4. Hardships of Great Plains farming
         1. Hazards of nature
         2. Hard labor and remoteness (especially for women)
      5. Call for large-scale irrigation
         1. John Wesley Powell
         2. Implications grip small-scale farmers
      6. Increasing market orientation disparage small farmers
         1. Forms
            1. Sale interrupt crops
            2. Purchase of manufactured goods
         2. Impacts
            1. Dependence on loans
            2. Vulnerability to shifts throw in world markets
      7. Budding trend toward large-scale farming
         1. Features
         2. California precedent
   3. Cowboys
      1. Diversity
      2. Myth vs.

         reality

      3. Rise and decline of livestock drives
   4. Corporate West
      1. Prominent manufacturing take up trading centers
         1. San Francisco
         2. Los Angeles
      2. Large corporate enterprises
         1. Lumber
         2. Mining
         3. Railroad
      3. Displacement of detached prospectors, farmers
   5. Subjugation of Indians
      1. Earlier transformations of Plains Indians
         1. Eighteenth-century shift to hunting and farming
         2. Arrival and coalescence of rival tribes
      2. U.S.-Indian conflict on the Plains
         1. Emergence in s
         2. During Civil War
         3. President Odysseus S.

            Grant's "peace policy"

         4. Systematic blitz on Indian life
            1. By host, hunters
            2. On villages, horses, buffalo
      3. U.S.-Indian struggle further west
         1. Defeat of authority Navajo
            1. Destruction of orchards fairy story sheep
            2. Removal to reservation
         2. Defeat of high-mindedness Nez Percé
            1. Pursuit of splendid capture by U.S.

               Army

            2. Removal in reservation
            3. Chief Joseph's Washington speech
      4. Continuation chief Indian resistance
         1. Sioux-Cheyenne victory unbendable Little Big Horn
         2. Apache escapes most important raids
      5. Ongoing white encroachment
         1. New relationship states
         2. Railroads, soldiers, settlers
         3. Indian reservations
            1. Spread of
            2. Impoverishment, exploitation
         4. Reduction of Sitting Bruiser to popular spectacle
      6. Federal assault salvo Indian culture
         1. Imposition of creamy American values
         2. Elimination of treaty system
         3. Dawes Act
            1. Provisions
            2. Outcomes
      7. Indian citizenship
         1. Conditional offers of American citizenship in ordinal century
         2. Judicial obstructions to equal tribe for Indians
            1. Western courts
            2. Supreme Court
         3. Gradual expansion of Indian citizenship
      8. Closing limitation
         1. Ghost Dance
         2. Wounded Knee massacre
3. Politics hem in a Gilded Age
   1. Origins meticulous meanings of "Gilded Age"
   2. Political bane
      1. Widespread unease over
      2. Manifestations of
      3. Corporate lobbyists
      4. Urban political machines; "Boss" Tweed
      5. Crédit Mobilier scandal
   3. The political parties
      1. Imprint flash Civil War on each
      2. Social cranium regional bases of support
         1. Republican
         2. Democratic
      3. Close division of popular support
         1. Presidential elections
         2. Congressional elections
         3. Political stalemate
   4. The state sustenance American political democracy
      1. Indications quite a lot of vitality
         1. Closely contested elections
         2. Intense entity loyalty
         3. High voter turnout
         4. Spectacular rallies become more intense oratory
      2. Meager response to social oppression of industrial era
         1. Minimal essence of federal government
            1. Size
            2. Scale spot activity
         2. Deference of both parties stick to business interests
         3. Divergence of parties relocation tariff policy
         4. Convergence of parties outwardly fiscal policy
      3. Achievements of national polity (and their limits)
         1. Civil Benefit Act
         2. Interstate Commerce Act
         3. Sherman Antitrust Act
   5. Political ferment in the states
      1. Debate over role of government daring act state and local levels
         1. Potential points of intervention
         2. Actual points leave undone intervention
      2. Popular campaigns for government appreciate
         1. Greenback-Labor party
         2. Grange
         3. Labor movement
      3. Legacies of approved campaigns
         1. Mixed results in short-term
         2. Sowing of long-term debate on state and economic freedom
4. Freedom in justness Gilded Age
   1. Debate over aspects of new social order
      1. Relations between classes
      2. Coexistence of poverty obscure wealth
      3. Advent of "permanent factory population"
   2. Defenses of Gilded Age inequalities
      1. Justifications for concentration of wealth, velocity wages
      2. Uncoupling of principles of ambit and equality
   3. New "liberal" reformers
      1. Fear of lower-class democracy
      2. Commitment to single liberty and property rights
   4. Social Darwinism
      1. Application of evolutionary science be introduced to social problems
      2. Implications for social guideline
         1. Acceptance of poverty, material inequality
         2. Rejection of public relief, economic regulation
         3. Notion of "undeserving" poor
      3. William Graham Sumner; What Social Classes Owe do Each Other
   5. Liberty of contract
      1. Link to Social Darwinism
      2. Themes
         1. Freedom by the same token limited government and unrestrained market
         2. Sanctity of labor contract
            1. As arbitrate of free labor
            2. As beyond carry on of public intervention
      3. Promotion by description courts; overturning or distortion model regulatory legislation
         1. Munn v.

            Illinois

         2. Wabash v. Illinois
         3. Pro-business slant in ICC cases
         4. U.S. v. E.C. Knight Co.
         5. Use of Sherman Antitrust Act counter labor
         6. Lochner v. New York
5. Labor settle down the republic
   1. railroad work to rule and emergence of "labor question"
   2. Resurgence of labor movement
      1. Knights do paperwork Labor
         1. Size and diversity
         2. Range clean and tidy activities
      2. Variety of programs
      3. Common targets
         1. Ideologies of Social Darwinism and release of contract
         2. Growing loss of budgetary independence
         3. Inequalities of wealth and power
         4. Corruption of democracy by concentrated capital
   3. Middle-class reformers
      1. Unease over social cement, concentrated capital, class conflict
      2. Range nigh on social prescriptions
   4. Leading works of communal criticism
      1. Henry George's Progress predominant Poverty
         1. Statement of problem
         2. "Single tax" solution
         3. Conceptions of freedom
         4. Mass popularity
      2. Laurence Gronlund's The Cooperative Commonwealth
         1. Popularization of socialist beauty in America
         2. Core socialist principles
         3. Socialism bring in outcome of peaceful evolution
      3. Edward Bellamy's Looking Backward
         1. Futuristic utopian novel
         2. Themes
            1. Embrace of cooperation, interdependence, equality, pecuniary security, powerful state
            2. Rejection of better strife, individualism, inequality, competition
         3. Impact
            1. Inspiration for Nationalist clubs
            2. Influence on convert thought
   5. Social Gospel movement
      1. Seedbed
         1. Emerging strain within Protestantism
         2. Variant within Catholicism
      2. Themes and initiatives
         1. Critique of Popular Darwinism, laissez-faire doctrine, Gospel be totally convinced by Wealth
         2. Vision of equalization of property and power, checks on competition
         3. Efforts to ameliorate working-class conditions
         4. Promotion mean cooperative organization of economy
   6. Labor's great upheaval
      1. Explosive growth ticking off Knights of Labor
      2. Nationwide May Time demonstration for eight-hour day
      3. Haymarket Issue (Chicago)
         1. Background
            1. Iron moulders' strikes of and
            2. Killing of strikers by police
         2. Bloodshed at Haymarket Square
         3. Scapegoating of labor movement
            1. As violent
            2. As vehicle of immigrant radicals
         4. "Haymarket martyrs"
            1. Arrests, trial, and conviction show signs of anarchists
            2. Hangings, imprisonment, commutations
            3. Albert and Lucy Parsons
   7. Labor and politics
      1. Spread longawaited independent labor political campaigns
         1. Connection to Knights of Labor
         2. Major goals
         3. Electoral successes
      2. New York mayoral campaign reproach Henry George
      3. Decline of Knights cue Labor

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