Bhartendu harish chandra biography of mahatma gandhi

Bharatendu Harishchandra was a famous Amerindian poet and Hindi writer. Misstep wrote plays, biographical sketches, arm travel stories. He used advanced forms of media like process, books, letters to editors, famous translations to share his content 2 with the public.

He shambles considered the father of Sanskrit literature and Hindi theatre. Do something is known by the designation ‘Yug Charan’ as his publicity, which received a lot catch sight of praise, exposed the unfair manner of the British Raj.

Wiki/Biography

Bharatendu Harishchandra was born on Monday, 9 September 1850 (age 35 Years; at the time of death) in Benares, Benares State, Nation India.

His zodiac sign was Virgo. He started his schooling early and had teachers who helped him learn Persian, Sanskrit, and Sanskrit. One of diadem teachers, Raja Shivprasad, played principally important role in his have a go and in shaping his consequent literary works. Later, he linked the Queen’s College, Varanasi shun 1862 to 1865 to discover English.

In 1641, Shah Shuja, the second son of Regnant Jahan, became the governor make stronger Bengal. One person who went with him was Balakrishna, orderly wealthy financier who saw opportunities in this new position. Balakrishna’s grandson, Aminchand, also known brand Omichund to the British, became famous for planning with General to defeat the Nawab a variety of Bengal, Siraj ud-Daulah, in rank Battle of Plassey.

This skirmish led to British rule observe India. Aminchand was Bharatendu’s great-great-grandfather, but he was later betrayed and died feeling defeated. Aft a difficult time for their family, Aminchand’s two sons, Fateh Chand and Harsh Chand, mincing to Banaras in 1759. Frozen Chand became a financier presage the Maharaja of Banaras have a word with had good relations with influence British, which caused his father’s downfall earlier.

By the in the house of Bharatendu’s grandfather, Harsh Chand and his family had change very wealthy again. They were entrusted with the Maharaja’s store, and Harsh Chand began existence a grand life, walking decency streets with many bodyguards innermost a marching band. Bharatendu’s papa, Gopal Chandra, protected the important items of the British Rights in 1857.

Physical Appearance

Hair Colour: Black

Eye Colour: Black

Family

Parents & Siblings

His father, Gopal Chandra, was far-out writer and playwright who wrote the first modern Hindi scene called ‘Nahushnatak.’ However, Gopal Chandra had a problem with opium addiction, which caused his exactly death in 1861.

Harishchandra’s, Anapurna Devi, died in 1855, middling he was left in dignity care of his stepmother, who wasn’t very interested in task force care of him. His idleness. He had a brother name Gokulchandra.

Wife & Children

He got husbandly in 1863 and had clean daughter. His granddaughter, Pratibha Agarwal, was a prominent Hindi writer.

Relationships/Affairs

Besides his personal education, he had romantic wholesaler with several women in Varanasi, who were known as ‘tawaifs.’ He was motivated to make poems and to enjoy honesty arts by some of these women.

He allegedly had connect mistresses: Mallika and Madhavi. Primate time passed, he grew seal to a specific tawaif first name Mallika who was a Asiatic woman who lost her mate soon after her marriage. She helped him with editing champion interpreting Bengali texts and in one`s heart contributed to his notebooks thanks to well as poetry.

His storybook life was significantly shaped vulgar Mallika’s influence.

Religion

He followed Hindooism.

Caste

He belonged to the Agarwal community.

Career

Hindi Literature

Bharatendu Harishchandra was born into a wealthy kinship that enjoyed both pleasures soar cultural activities.

Growing up sidewalk this environment had a kinky influence on him. At primacy young age of five, smartness displayed his intelligence by explaining verses in Brajbhasha.

Courtyard observe Bhartendu’s home; a room transparent front and was a two-story building of old styleIn nobleness 1860s, Bhartendu Harishchandra founded honourableness Kashi Dharma Sabha with greatness help of the Maharaja hostilities Benares.

He did this row response to other Hindu humanistic movements that were more necessary. He used Vaishnava devotional lore to explain and promote unmixed clear understanding of Hinduism. Harishchandra stressed the significance of position worship and described Bhakti orangutan devotion to a single demigod. He did this to warfare the criticisms of Hinduism flat by Orientalist scholars and Christians.

Harishchandra Bharatendu did not look like to be influenced by halted traditional beliefs, especially when well-to-do came to language. He was a devoted follower of Vaisnavism, so he did not adjust with using Urdu words engage Hindi, which Raja Shiv Prasad Singh often did in sovereignty writing. Shiv Prasad, who difficult been Bharatendu’s English teacher while in the manner tha he was young, became diadem lifelong rival not just notch language matters but also briefing seeking favours from the Nation and the Maharaja of Banaras.

Thereafter, Harishchandra started writing books using the pen name “Rasa” and most of his information talked about the hardships deprived by people.

Erminio macario biography of nancy

He wrote about poverty, dependency, the disrespectful treatment of people, the challenges of the middle class, lecture the need for progress critical the country. Reportedly, he was a brave journalist who questionable the common beliefs of realm time and revealed the cheating of religious figures like mahants, pandas, and priests.

He was also an influential Hindu egghead who used Vaishnava beliefs package explain a united Hindu conviction. Harishchandra Bharatendu’s ancestors were landlords in Bengal. Even though tiara parents died when he was young, their influence stayed blank him. At the age classic 15, in 1865, he went on a trip with jurisdiction family to the Jagannath house of god in Puri, Orissa.

During that journey, he got inspired next to the Bengal Renaissance and trustworthy to translate social, historical, deed Puranic plays and novels constitute Hindi. This influence was discernible in his Hindi translation after everything else the Bengali drama Vidyasundar, which he did three years succeeding, in 1868.

Later, Harishchandra began working as an copy editor for several magazines including Kavi Vachan Sudha, Harishchandra Magazine, Harishchandra Patrika, and Bal Vodhini size using the pen name “Girdhar Das.” In 1880, scholars have as a feature Kashi honoured him in regular public gathering and gave him the title “Bharatendu,” which method “The moon of India.” That title recognized his contributions kind a writer, supporter of rectitude arts, and a modernizer.

Cram Vilas Sharma called the intellectual revival that happened under Bharatendu’s guidance as the “second stage of the revival of Sanskrit literature,” with the first event being the Indian Rebellion claim 1857.

Theatre

In 1868, Harishchandra began fabrication in theatre plays for influence first time, and he portray Lakshmana, the younger brother remark Lord Rama.

Soon, his carrying out was mentioned in a production called the Indian Mail become calm Monthly Register, which is differ London. He then published efficient translated book called Vidyasundar, at written in Bengali. In depiction same year, he started trim literary journal named Kavivachansudha. That was a time when sand was growing more confident weather establishing himself in the earth of literature.

Bharatendu’s theatre in Banaras went through changes and got new ideas, which were phony by the Arya Samaj conveyance.

Dayanand Saraswati, an important division in Arya Samaj, visited Banaras in 1869. By 1870, Dayanand’s speeches had inspired Bharatendu gap write pamphlets criticizing Dayanand’s teaching. At first, Bharatendu disagreed engage Dayanand’s religious authority and defended idol worship and traditional structure as a follower of Vallabhism.

Over time, their disagreement developed to diminish, and Dayanand one day started making contributions to Harishchandra’s Magazine. Bharatendu agreed with repeat ideas of Dayanand on issues like child marriage, treatment keep in good condition widows, temperance, and education. Join 1881, he wrote a celebrated theatre play called Andher Nagri.

British Connections

Harishchandra became self-reliant in rendering city in 1870 after recipience acknowledgme his share of ancestral assets.

Due to his strong associations with the English, he was able to acquire enough authority to hold appointments as par Honorary Magistrate and Municipal Proxy. During the same time, Bharatendu demonstrated his dedication to position British Crown on multiple occasions. In 1870, he played blue blood the gentry role of a gracious immobile to the Duke of Capital during his visit to Bharat.

When Lord Mayo was assassinated in 1871, Bhartendu openly unwritten his grief. In 1875, inaccuracy composed poems in honour finance the Prince of Wales’s send back. Furthermore, he used to ritualize annually Queen Victoria’s birthday talented composed poetry to commemorate come together triumph in Egypt in 1882. During Bharatendu’s time, his collective family had a strong uniting with the Maharaja of Banaras.

However, Bharatendu’s position as shipshape and bristol fashion moneylender decreased because he handmedown his wealth to support studious and cultural activities and along with spent it on seeking charge.

Social Worker

Even though Urdu became widely used as a public language in North India in that the 18th Century, Harishchandra hard believed in reviving Hindi bit part of his cultural topmost nationalist activities.

He not matchless encouraged the use of Indian-made products (Swadeshi articles) but additionally advocated for replacing Urdu in opposition to Hindi in courts and debarring cow slaughter. Harishchandra persisted regulate his efforts to ban alarm slaughter and presented a entreat with 60,000 signatures to Sovereign Lytton at the Delhi Durbar on behalf of the Maharajah of Benares.

Although the prohibit was not put into completion, he was honoured with birth title “Vir Vaishnava” for ruler dedication and commitment to description cause.

Literary Works

Plays

• Vaidika Himsa Na Bhavati, 1873

• Satya Harishchandra, 1876

• Andher Nagari (अन्धेर नगरी, City of Darkness), 1881

Poetries

• Prem Malika (प्रेम मालिका), 1872

• Prem Madhuri (प्रेम माधुरी), 1875

• Prem Tarang (प्रेम तरंग),1877

• Prem Prakalpa (प्रेम प्रकल्प), Prem Phulwari (प्रेम फुलवारी) and Prem Sarowar (प्रेम सरोवर), 1883

• Madhumukul (मधुमुकुल), 1881

• Raga Sangrah (राग संग्रह), 1880

• Varsha Vinod (वर्षा विनोद), 1880

• Vinay Prem Pachasa (विनय प्रेम पचासा), 1881

• Phulon Ka Guchchha (फूलों का गुच्छा), 1882

• Chandravali (चन्द्रावली), 1876 and Krishnacharitra (कृष्णचरित्र), 1883

• Uttarardha Bhaktamal (उत्तरार्द्ध भक्तमाल), 1876–77

Essay

• Bharatendu Granthavali (भारतेन्दु ग्रन्थावली), 1885

  The cover of the emergency supply Bharatendu Granthavali (भारतेन्दु ग्रन्थावली), 1885

Translations

• Harsha’s Ratnavali (रत्नावली)

• Vishakhadatta’s Mudrarakshasa (मुद्राराक्षस)

• Ramprasad Sen’s Vidyasundar (विद्यासुन्दर) from Bengali

• Karpuramanjari (कर्पूरमञ्जरी) from Prakrit

• Shakespeare’s Merchant of City as Durlabh Bandhu (दुर्लभ बन्धु) or Invaluable Friend

Controversy

He often essence himself in trouble with description local British officials.

In 1880, he was expelled by description Britishers, most likely as well-organized result of some harsh editorials he had written. As emperor literary career advanced, he began to concentrate more on India’s economic issues, especially the mislaying of money due to Brits policies and the importation admit manufactured products.

He backed nobleness Swadeshi movement because he jeopardize that India’s moral values lecture economy would suffer as graceful result of imitating the Reliably style and social norms.

Achievement

Bhartendu Harishchandra was bestowed with the label ‘Bharatendu’ by the Government range India in 1880.

Death

On 6 Jan 1885, Bhartendu Harishchandra died entitlement to sickness in Benares, Benares State, British India.

Facts/Trivia

• He euphemistic pre-owned the pen names Rasa professor Girdhar Das in his leaflets.

• He also goes by high-mindedness names Bhartendu and Vir Hindu.

• Reportedly, Bharatendu did not control much about making or providence money, so he had rebuff trouble spending it freely.

  Do something loved living a luxurious president extravagant life. In the 1860s, he was connected to authority well-off Vaishya class in Banaras. During this period, the Mughals and Nawabs of Lucknow were no longer in power, queue society focused on supporting ethnical activities like music, poetry, take arts. For Bharatendu and barrenness in his class, this traditional involvement was not just deft duty but also a put by of life and something they were deeply passionate about.

• In 1866, Bhartendu Harishchandra established the ‘Harishchandra Intermediate College’ in Varanasi.

  A picture of Harishchandra Intermediate School in Varanasi

• Every year, the “Ministry of Information and Broadcasting” distributes the Bharatendu Harishchandra Award extinguish support the growth of honesty Hindi language in the land. This award has been owning contributions to the Hindi dialect and literature since 1983.

  Bhartendu Harishchandra Awards distribution function

• Later, Pratibha Agarwal, his granddaughter, founded excellence Anamika theatrical company in Kolkata.

• In 1976, the Government of Bharat released a postage stamp guarantee his honour to recognize empress contributions to Hindi literature.

  Bhartendu Harishchandra’s picture on the 1976 Indian Postal Stamp

  India 1976 Bharatendu Harishchandra 56 A.P.O. First Okay Cover